The Banyan Tree in Hinduism

Overview

• In Hinduism, the Banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis or Vata Vriksha) is a sacred symbol of immortality, longevity, and a shelter for the divine gods, representing the Trimurti: Brahma (roots), Vishnu (bark), and Shiva (branches). Known as a wish-fulfilling tree (Kalpavriksha), it is deeply revered and associated with Lord Shiva and Krishna, often representing the cosmos. Large leaves of the tree are commonly used in religious rituals and worship. It is especially revered by married Hindu women, who celebrate the festival of Vat Purnima, since the tree is connected to ideals of a faithful and devoted wife. (Kaivalya Hinduism)

• The bark, leaves, fruits and aerial roots of the Banyan tree are widely used in Ayurveda (a 5,000-year-old traditional Indian holistic medicine system) for both preventive and curative health purposes. The health benefits provided by Vata-vriksha have been scientifically recognised as effective.

• Today, the Banyan is considered an important "keystone species" in India, valued for its unique ability to support over 2,300 species of wildlife and moderate local microclimates during extreme heat. However, their massive root systems can disrupt roads and underground utilities, leading to aggressive pruning or removal for development. The trees are still highly respected as trees of spiritual importance in Hinduism, and since 1950, the Banyan has been the National Tree of India, evolving from a local village symbol into a formal emblem of national unity and spirituality.